This paper explores relationships among and the connections between four popular student-centered practices as complementary approaches to enabling young people to be self-directed, empowered learners. Though often seen as competing approaches that may seem to be based on very different models of instruction and student learning, a closer look reveals many commonalities among the goals and ideals inherent in each approach.

  • Formative assessment
  • Deeper learning
  • Culturally responsive and sustaining education
  • Personalized learning

This paper is intended to serve as a resource for school communities that are introducing or considering integrating different types of student-centered learning practices in a way that honors the capacities and strengths of each approach and recognizes that multiple approaches may benefit students.